Phonetics(음성학) & Phonology(음운론) - English Vowels(2)

5. vowel before tautosyllabic /l/

- postvocalic laterals are velarized(dark) + vowels are more centralized

+ back vowel /a/ and /ɔ/의 distinction은 어렵지만 when followed by tautosyllabic /r/이면 쉽다.

6. central vowels

 

7. full/reduced vowels(scwha)

① While all vowels of English (except [ə]) can occur in stressed syllables, many of these vowels reveal alternations with an [ə] in unstressed syllables in a morphologically related word

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② full(unreduced) form in unstressed syllables (or in syllables with secondary stress)

- while a reduced vowel is necessarily in an unstressed syllable, a vowel in an unstressed syllable is not necessarily reduced

 

8. unstressed [ə] vs [ɪ] : before tautosyllabic palato-alveolars and velars (-anterior), always [I]

ex) selfish [sɛlfɪʃ], sandwich [sændwɪʧ]

ex) topic [tɑ.pɪk] (tautosyllabic) vs topical [tɑ.pə.kəl] (heterosyllabic)

+ in other cases, both are free variation in unstressed syllable ex) believe, and in suffixes ex)tempted

 

9. a relationship of [ə] with [i], [o], [u] in unstressed syllables

- In unstressed syllables, the range of pronunciation values of these three vowels extends to [ə](central)

ex) devoid, episcopal, statutory, reserve, supremely, vocation