영어교육론 - Teaching Speaking (1)

Teaching speaking

 

1. principles

① plan the tasks that involve negotiation of meaning and use authentic contents

② personalization - an activity which allows students to apply what they have learned to their own lives and to express their own ideas, feelings, preferences and opinions, which helps enhance inner motivation

+ content를 personalize하여 표현하는 것을 의미 - personalize the content, personalized speaking and writing

③ high motivation, encourage risk taking(affective classroom atmosphere), foster strong language ego

④ appropriate and timely feedback / ⑤ development of speaking strategies

⑥ teach conversational form and give opportunity to initiate conversation

 

2. principles of teaching speaking performances(practices, techniques)

① intensive - focus on the segmental features and going over(repetition) certain forms of language

② responsive - short reply but not extend into dialogue level

③ dialogues - ⑴ transactional and ⑵ interactional

 

3. speaking task(approach, method) for accuracy vs fluency (ability)

① accuracy - an ability to focus on form(language usage) with overt correction(intervention, obtrusive)

② fluency - an ability to focus on meaning(language use) with covert correction(no intervention, unobtrusive)

③ complexity - an ability to use a wide range of structures to form more varied sentences

 

4. activities - a unified set of student behaviors, limited in time, preceded by some direction with an objective

① gap activities - information > reasoning(drive new info from the given info - inference) > opinion gap

② Jigsaw - different information is needed to be put together for the solution

③ problem-solving and decision-making - 원칙적으로 problem-solving은 a single outcome이지만 many도 가능

④ role play - Ss take on a variety of roles and be assigned an objective or purpose - Ss practice various language according to the relatively short context(select the right structure or form for a function in a particular context - become sensitive to social variables, and it is an ideal way for practicing speech acts)

⑤ simulation - reality of function(Ss try to carry out their duties) in a structured environment(an ideal context for taking reasonable risks, with guide-lines and stimulus for discussing ideas) in order to solve the problems or to make some decisions

⑥ noticing the gap activity - notice his utterance is different from the natives' (consciousness-raising activity)

+ perform their own output(fluency) - observe skilled performance - (notice the gap) - reformation(accuracy)

⑦ brainstorming - a rapid-fire, free-association listing of concepts or ideas relevant to the topic or context

 

5. TBLT를 설계하는 데 6가지 단계

① conduct needs analysis / choose target task, ② target task의 type을 classify, ③ create pedagogical task

④ task syllabus, ⑤ focus on form - it winds down(정리하다) with specific language features, ⑥ evaluation