영어교육론 - Materials

Materials

 

* authentic materials - more realistic and natural language such as fillers, hesitation, colloquial language

1. important criteria for selecting authentic materials

① students' needs, interests, level ② meet the goal of language learning ③ cultural appropriateness

2. benefits - real-language(authenticity), richness in cultural content and context, high-motivation

3. drawbacks - varying levels of complexity

4. alternatives - first try to simplify the tasks, or simplify the material without damage to authenticity

+ graded(simplified) text - a text in which the language content is based on a language grading scheme(collect a large sample of authentic speeches and sequence them according to the level) - simplify vocabulary and structure while authenticity is not damaged (+ adapted - simplified in terms of grammar and vocabulary)

 

* textbooks (+ realia - 실물)

1. benefits - ① assure consistency, organization, logic ② students can review and preview ③ less time for preparation

2. drawbacks - ① need supplement and revision according to the students needs ② less authenticity

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* material(text) adaptation

1. adding(+ extension - an activity is lengthened in order to give It an additional dimension - voca + (syntax))

① extending - in quantity - adding same types of content and tasks of the same level

② expanding - in quality - adding different contents and tasks dealing with other language skills or levels

 

2. deleting(+ reduction - shorten an activity to give it less weight or emphasis)

① subtracting - reducing the length of content and task in a quantitative way

② abridging - omitting tasks in a qualitative way - ex) deleting difficult activities

 

3. modifying

① rewriting - internal change of contents, especially exercise material, to make it more proper or demanding

② replacement - a text or task is replaced by more suitable material

③ simplifying - sentence structure(length), lexical content, grammatical structure(ex)passive to active)

④ reordering - sequence of activities or content

⑤ branching - add alternative pathways or options in a task

 

4. restructuring - classroom management(group dynamics or activities)

 

5. elaboration - explicitness of logical relationship by repeating(redundancy), parallelism, canonical word

 

* material evaluation - weight(importance) / score

1. external evaluation - glancing through the book for superficial analysis - what is there or lay-out

2. internal evaluation - in-depth technique focusing on what is required of users(grammar, language skills), what is implied(in the selection and sequence of the organization or the contents )