영어교육론 - Techniques of SLA

Techniques of SLA

 

* drills - practice minimal numbers of language forms

1. controlled(manipulative)/free(communicative) drill(technique)

① controlled(manipulative) drill - teacher-centered, structure and form, predicted responses, planned objectives

② free(communicative) drill - student-centered, open-ended, unpredicted responses, negotiated objectives

+ processing - controlled processing(conscious effort), automatic processing(without conscious effort)

+ production도 controlled/automatic으로 나뉜다 - controlled는 선생 지도에 의해/automatic은 직접 하는 것

 

2. mechanical/meaningful/communicative drills (particularly in Audiolingualism)

① mechanical drill - only one correct answer(complete control over the response, and where comprehension is not required without connection with reality) - 그대로 따라하게 한다.

② meaningful drill - a predicted or limited set of possible responses (complete control over the response, but understanding is required) - (이해하고) 주어진 선지 중에서 고르거나 context 속에서 이해하고 따라하게 한다.

③ communicative drill - open response(response is controlled but there are opportunities for students to venture out of pattern if they wish, which is difference from open-ended, free drill), focus on communicative reality with students' own content(requires conveying meaning in the real world)

ex) what time did you get up on Sunday? / I got up(controlled) _____________ (focus on past tense)

 

3. cued drill - ex) picture-cued drill

① repetition drill - just following the utterance

② substitution drill - students repeat the line substituting the cues (word, phrase가 한, 두 개 정도 바뀌는 것)

ex) we bought a book, pencil(teacher's cue) - we bought a pencil

③ chain drill - one student responds to the teacher's question and asks to the next S

④ transformation drill - students are asked to transform the sentence - 문장유형을 바꾼다.

ex) we bought a book(cue) - which book did you buy?, we didn't buy a book