Phonetics(음성학) & Phonology(음운론) - Syllables(2)

4. syllabification(where the syllable boundaries lie) is made with reference to language-specific facts (syllable phonotactics) such as possible onset/coda clusters and maximal onset principles

 

5. maximal onset principle(MOP)

① it simply assigns any series of intervocalic consonants to the syllable on the right as long as it does not violate language-specific onset patterns(phonotactics)

② V C C C C V (가장 뒤 모음부터 onset으로 될 수 있을 때까지 한다)

③ the resulting syllabification(음절 구분) - ex) [kemp.len]이 안되는 이유는 onset에 maximal하게 안줘서

 

6. ambisyllabic(양 음절성) - syllable weight가 stress 부여에 중요한데, light가 stressed인 경우를 설명하기 위해

- we have a conflict between the maximal onset principle(phonetic realization) and stress

- 앞 음절의 모음이 ① lax and ② stressed - 원래 뒤 음절의 onset이 앞 음절의 coda가 된다.(rule 4)

ex) medicine, origin, happen, finish, funny, federal, positive, Canada, river(cf. rival), punish(cf. punitive)

+ ambisyllabic consonant in VC + V sequence(rule 5) - ex) keep out, dream on

+ re-syllabification in CC + V sequence - ex) lef/t arm, wep/t over, fin/d out

반응형

7. skeletal tiers - necessary for stress assignment rules

① stress assignment rules - multiple onsets/codas and tense(long) vowel or diphthong are branching(two timing slots), only open coda with short vowel is non-branching

② affricates are phonlogically simple - non-branching(one timing slot)

 

8. phoneme(/ /) - syllable(phonotactics - phonological rules) - phonetic([ ])

 

9. phonological rules exist to ensure that the surface or phonetic forms of words do not violate rather general principles, phonotactic constraints. If underlying forms remained unmodified, they would violate the phonotactics of the language. ex) coda에서 obstruents는 무조건 voicing agreement라는 constraint - devoicing part of past tense rule은 surface structure(phonetic)가 phonotactic constraint에 만족하도록 만듦

 

10. double onset - ① C1: /s/는 /r/을 제외한 모든 C2와 가능, ② C2: /l, r, w, j/가 대부분 - cf) /tl, dl/, /vl, vr/, /θl, ʃl/은 불가

 

11. double coda

① two stop sequences are never homorganic - ex) apt, act

+ but nasal + oral stops need to be homorganic - ex) pumpkin

② stop + /s/ always agree in voicing (voiceless로) - ex) lapse, tax

 

12. typical types of triple onsets(phonotactics) - /s/ + /p, t, k/ + /l, r, w, j/

① /sp/ + /r, l, j/ - spring, splash, spew

② /st/ + /r, j/ - string, stew(mostly in BrE)

③ /sk/ + /r, l, j, w/ - screw, sclerosis, skewer, squeeze

+ typical examples of phonotactic constraints - Sequences of obstruents that differ at most with respect to voicing are not permitted within English words

 

13. different numbers of syllables - syllabic or not, dialectical variances, schwa deletion