반응형 영어 문법38 영어 신택스(Syntax) 및 문법 정리(Grammar) - Conjunction(접속사) ① coordinate conjunctions - coordination(and, but, or, nor, yet, so) - 같은 form ex) Tom was happy with Jack's decision, and so was Tim, too (도치 o) ex) Not only did Tom jump out of the room (도치 o), but also he slid on the floor (도치 x) ex) Just as Tom did in the room, so I wanted to jump and slide on the floor ex) [being a good flight attendant] means [making your passengers feel relaxed] - 같은 form.. 2022. 5. 22. 영어 신택스(Syntax) 및 문법 정리(Grammar) - Indirect Objects(간접 목적어) 1. the prepositional(3형식) and dative(~을 받는 자리를 이끈다) movement(4형식) patterns DO - undergoes the action - theme / IO - the action is directed - goal ex) he gave [a beautiful ring] to [his friend] - deep structure(3형식) ex) he gave [his friend] [a beautiful friend] - surface structure(4형식) 2. to or for or both(to-성의가 없다, for-성의가 있다) ① TO - to dative verb(theme) - 한 번의 행동 ② FOR - for dative verb(benef.. 2022. 5. 22. 영어 신택스(Syntax) 및 문법 정리(Grammar) - Negation(부정어구) 1. clausal - negation that yields a negative sentence ① verbal - primary negation - finite sentence - ex) my cousins aren't staying with me, are they? + verbal negation is marked either by negative inflection(didn't) or by modification of not(did not) ② nonverbal - negative words - ex) he hid no information, did he?(=he didn't hide any information) + while 'no' is only determiner, its scope can .. 2022. 5. 22. 영어 신택스(Syntax) 및 문법 정리(Grammar) - Focus structure(강조 구문) 1. cleft sentences ① it-cleft - VP(x), adjP(rare) A: I hear that they are going to fire [the secretary of state] B: No, it's [the secretary of defense] who they want to fire - mostly for contradicting ② wh-cleft, reversed wh-cleft - VP(o), adjP(rare), preP(except locative or temporal - when or where X) A: they served us some kind of [white beverage] - but A's topic was distracted by others A: we.. 2022. 5. 22. 영어 신택스(Syntax) 및 문법 정리(Grammar) - Non-referential there and it(비지칭 there과 it) * non-referential It - ① does not refer to anything, ② has no particular meaning by itself, ③ simply fills(can be placed in) the subject position of the sentence (+ weather "it" - ex) it's raining) + subject position(subjecthood) test ex) Is it raining - subject-aux inversion in yes/no question / ex) it's been raining all day - contraction ex) it was raining, wasn't it(이 자리에 주어가 나와야한다.) - tag qu.. 2022. 5. 22. 영어 신택스(Syntax) 및 문법 정리(Grammar) - Conditionals(가정법) 1. factual ① timeless - 시간에 상관없이 언제나, when이나 whenever로 바꿀 수 있다. 주절과 종속절 동사의 모양새가 같다. ⑴ generic(조건 - 결과, 물리법칙 같은 거) - if + simple present / simple present ex) if you boil water, it vaporizes ⑵ habitual(현재(과거)의 습관) - if + simple present(past) / (usually) simple present(past) ex) if I wash dishes, Sally (usually) dries them, ex) If Nancy said "jump", Bob (usually) jumped ② time-bounded - 한정적 시간 안에,.. 2022. 5. 22. 영어 신택스(Syntax) 및 문법 정리(Grammar) - Relative clause(관계절) 1. restrictive(선행사와 같은 종류의 여러 명 중 한 명) / non-restrictive(선행사 그 놈) + restrictive - narrow down the reference / non-restrictive - provide additional information of the head ① punctuation - restrictive(no punctuation) / non-restrictive(punctuation exists) ② intonation - restrictive(no fluctuation) / non-restrictive(pause and falling) ③ modification of proper nouns(고유명사) - restrictive(x) / non-restr.. 2022. 5. 22. 영어 신택스(Syntax) 및 문법 정리(Grammar) - Lexical aspect(2) 5. telic/atelic ① for - 기간 + 과정 = atelic(stative, activity) / in - 기간 + 완료 = telic(achievement, accomplishment) ② 'in' with achievement(the time that elapses before the event)and accomplishment(duration of the event) ③ for과 in이 둘 다 쓰이는 경우 ex) He solved the problems for(in) two hours - problems가 복수라서 for의 경우 풀린 문제도 있고 안 풀린 문제도 있다는 의미이고 in의 경우 모든 문제를 다 풀었다는 의미(solve the problem은 achievement) ex) h.. 2022. 5. 22. 영어 신택스(Syntax) 및 문법 정리(Grammar) - Lexical aspect 1. stative verb (상태동사) ① continuous, no change of state for a long time ② no end point(atelic) - start, stop(o), finish(x) ③ not normally occur in progressive aspect ④ can't occur with manner adverbs(how), imperative ex) *she understood methodically, ex) *know it ⑤ no pseudo cleft ex) *what bill did(동작) was resemble Tom + stative progressive ⑴ the operation is really costing a lot of money (emot.. 2022. 5. 22. 이전 1 2 3 4 5 다음 반응형
