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영어 문법38

영어 신택스(Syntax) 및 문법 정리(Grammar) - Pronouns(대명사) 1. reflexive pronouns(재귀 대명사) ① non-emphatic(비-강조) - lexical(reflexive verbs), anaphoric(referring to preceding NP- binding principle) ⑴ reflexive verbs - some verbs only take a reflexive pronoun as an object - pride oneself on, commit oneself to, apply oneself to (~에 전념하다), acquit oneself of (책임을 다하다) - adjust (oneself) with, behave (oneself), shave (oneself) with, wash (oneself) ⑵ anaphoric - .. 2022. 5. 21.
영어 신택스(Syntax) 및 문법 정리(Grammar) - Syntactic differences of adjectives type 1 essential, important (+ it is natural for them to be together = it is natural that they (should) be ~) ex) It is essential (that we take three meals a day) / ex) it is essential (for us to take three meals a day) ex) *we are essential to take three meals a day - SSR(x), we가 essential한 건 아니다. type 2 foolish(행동에 대한 주관적인 평가 = evaluative of human behavior) ex) *it is splendid that you make su.. 2022. 5. 21.
영어 신택스(Syntax) 및 문법 정리(Grammar) - Raising and Control 1. raising - movement와 연관 - trace가 생김 ex) __ seemed ([barnet] [to understand the formula]) - D structure - Barnet is assigned the thematic role of experiencer as the subject of understand. ex) It seemed that Barnet understood the formula - 'It' receives no thematic role(expletive, EPP) ex) *It seemed Barnet to understand it - the spec of main TP is already occupied by 'it' ex) (Barnet) seemed [ .. 2022. 5. 21.
영어 신택스(Syntax) 및 문법 정리(Grammar) - Binding theory ① basic concepts of binding theory ⑴ c-command - A node c-commands it sisters (sister가 무조건 존재), and all the daughters of its sisters ⑵ binding domain (locality constraints) - pronoun and anaphor should find its antecedent in the smallest clause(sentence가 아닌 the smallest embedded clause)(본 동사를 기준으로 찾으면 된다.) - 뒤에 심화 ⑶ bound/free (binding constraints) - 선행사가 해당 요소를 c-command + co-index(성, 수일치, indi.. 2022. 5. 21.
영어 신택스(Syntax) 및 문법 정리(Grammar) - Ambiguity 1. Lexical(semantic) ambiguity ① polysemy (다의어 관계, 뜻에 유사성이 있다, 같은 단어) - ex) way(길, 방법), court(법원, 궁전, 앞마당) ② homonymy (동음이의어, 뜻에 유사성이 전혀 없다) - ex) bank(둑, 은행), smart(clever, burning sensation) 2. structural(syntactic) ambiguity - surface structure 상태에서 확인, relies on the principle of modification ex) under no circumstances are passengers permitted to open the doors ① PP ex) Mary saw [the man with.. 2022. 5. 21.
영어 신택스(Syntax) 및 문법 정리(Grammar) - Consistency test Consistency test - ① movement (phrase, not bar), ② substitution (phrase or bar, not head) + Constituent - strings(sequences) of one or more words that syntactically(the set of nodes exhaustively dominated by a single node) and semantically behave as(form) a unit ① the movement test - left(NP-preposing, VP-preposing, though)/right(heavy NP, extraposition from NP) ⑴ NP-preposing(topicalization) - .. 2022. 5. 21.
영어 신택스(Syntax) 및 문법 정리(Grammar) - Basic contents(3) 7. movement - head movement, DP movement, Wh- movement ① head movement(V to T and T to C movement) - subject auxiliary(operator) inversion ⑴ only auxiliaries raise from V to T to get tense, move T to C in order to check a [+Q] feature in C ex) He(DP) will(T) often(VP의 spec) eat apples - Will he often eat apples?, ex) *He eats often apples ⑵ subject-aux inversion is not allowed with an embedded Q.. 2022. 5. 21.
영어 신택스(Syntax) 및 문법 정리(Grammar) - Basic contents(2) 5. complement/adjunct - a complement of head / an adjunct of single-bar projection - complement and adjunct can't conjoin with each other. - complement must be closer to the head than adjunct. ① complement - a sister of a head + preposing이 가능 - [what branch of physics] are you a student of / 의문사 what과 연관 / 목적어 자리 ⑴ 접속사 that(사실의 의미를 이끈다.) - I thought [that(whether/if) Kate believed the story] - 목.. 2022. 5. 21.
영어 신택스(Syntax) 및 문법 정리(Grammar) - Basic contents(1) 1. category ① grammatical function - subject, predicate, predicator, direct object, indirect object... ② grammatical category(syntactic class, form) - noun, determiner, adjective, adverb, verb, conjunction... 2. verb(+ non-finite은 accusative subject pronoun, optional subject, complementizer 'for', T-element 'to') ① inflections are appended only to finite verbs, which show tense, number and perso.. 2022. 5. 21.
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